This article is about the Roman law codification of Justinian I. For the canon law codification of a similar name, see Corpus Juris Canonici.
The Corpus Juris (or Iuris) Civilis (“Body of Civil Law”) is the modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor. It is also sometimes referred to as the Code of Justinian, although this name belongs more properly to the part titled Codex Justinianus.
The work as planned had three parts: the Code (Codex) is a compilation, by selection and extraction, of imperial enactments to date; the Digest or Pandects (the Latin title contains both Digesta and Pandectae) is an encyclopedia composed of mostly brief extracts from the writings of Roman jurists; and the Institutes (Institutiones) is a student textbook, mainly introducing the Code, although it has important conceptual elements that are less developed in the Code or the Digest. All three parts, even the textbook, were given force of law. They were intended to be, together, the sole source of law; reference to any other source, including the original texts from which the Code and the Digest had been taken, was forbidden. Nonetheless, Justinian found himself having to enact further laws and today these are counted as a fourth part of the Corpus, the Novellae Constitutiones (Novels, literally New Laws).
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Keywords: Corpus Juris Civilis, Justinian, Justinian Code, Code of Justinian, Emperor Justinian, Codex Justinianus, Canon law, Civil law, Roman law, Latin law, Latin, Byzantine empire, Byzantine, Constantinople, Middle Ages, Medieval, Medieval age, Medieval period, Mark of the beast, buy or sale, unable to buy or sale, punishment of heretics, punishing heretics, 666, six hundred sixty and six, sixhundred sixtysix
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