History of wine

The earliest archaeological evidence of wine production yet found has been at sites in Georgia (c. 6000 BC), Iran (c. 5000 BC), Greece (c. 4500 BC) and Armenia (c. 4100 BC), where the oldest winery to date was uncovered.

The altered consciousness produced by wine has been considered religious since its origin. The Greeks worshiped Dionysus and Bacchus and the Romans carried on his cult. Consumption of ritual wine was part of Jewish practice since Biblical times and, as part of the eucharist commemorating Jesus’s Last Supper, became even more essential to the Christian Church. Although Islam nominally forbade the production or consumption of wine, during its Golden Age, alchemists such as Geber pioneered wine’s distillation for medicinal and industrial purposes such as the production of perfume. The Turkic Uyghurs were even responsible for reintroducing viticulture to China from the Tang dynasty onwards.

Wine production and consumption increased, burgeoning from the 15th century onwards as part of European expansion. Despite the devastating 1887 phylloxera louse infestation, modern science and technology adapted and industrial wine production and wine consumption now occur throughout the world.

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Author: Wikipedia

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Bible reference(s): Genesis 9:21, Genesis 9:24, Genesis 14:18, Genesis 19:32, Genesis 19:33, Genesis 19:34, Genesis 19:35, Genesis 27:25, Genesis 27:28, Genesis 27:37, Genesis 49:11, Genesis 49:12, Exodus 29:40, Leviticus 10:9, Leviticus 23:13, Numbers 6:3, Numbers 6:20, Numbers 15:5, Numbers 15:7, Numbers 15:10, Numbers 18:12, Numbers 18:27, Numbers 18:30, Numbers 28:7, Numbers 28:14, Deuteronomy 7:13, Deuteronomy 11:14, Deuteronomy 12:17, Deuteronomy 14:23, Deuteronomy 14:26, Deuteronomy 15:14, Deuteronomy 16:13, Deuteronomy 18:4, Deuteronomy 28:39, Deuteronomy 28:51, Deuteronomy 29:6, Deuteronomy 32:14, Deuteronomy 32:33, Deuteronomy 32:38, Deuteronomy 33:28, Judges 6:11, Judges 7:25, Judges 9:13, Judges 13:4, Judges 13:7, Judges 13:14, Judges 19:19, Ruth 2:14, 1 Samuel 1:14, 1 Samuel 1:15, 1 Samuel 1:24, 1 Samuel 10:3, 1 Samuel 16:20, 1 Samuel 25:18, 1 Samuel 25:37, 2 Samuel 13:28, 2 Samuel 16:1, 2 Samuel 16:2, 2 Kings 6:27, 2 Kings 18:32, 1 Chronicles 9:29, 1 Chronicles 12:40, 1 Chronicles 27:27, 2 Chronicles 2:10, 2 Chronicles 2:15, 2 Chronicles 11:11, 2 Chronicles 31:5, 2 Chronicles 32:28, Ezra 6:9, Ezra 7:22, Nehemiah 2:1, Nehemiah 5:11, Nehemiah 5:15, Nehemiah 5:18, Nehemiah 8:10, Nehemiah 10:37, Nehemiah 10:39, Nehemiah 13:5, Nehemiah 13:12, Nehemiah 13:15, Esther 1:7, Esther 1:10, Esther 5:6, Esther 7:2, Esther 7:8, Job 1:13, Job 1:18, Job 24:11, Job 32:19, Psalms 4:7, Psalms 60:3, Psalms 75:8, Psalms 78:65, Psalms 104:15, Proverbs 3:10, Proverbs 4:17, Proverbs 9:2, Proverbs 9:5, Proverbs 20:1, Proverbs 21:17, Proverbs 23:30, Proverbs 23:31, Proverbs 31:4, Proverbs 31:6, Ecclesiastes 2:3, Ecclesiastes 9:7, Ecclesiastes 10:19, Song of Solomon 1:2, Song of Solomon 1:4, Song of Solomon 4:10, Song of Solomon 5:1, Song of Solomon 7:2, Song of Solomon 7:9, Song of Solomon 8:2, Isaiah 1:22, Isaiah 5:2, Isaiah 5:11, Isaiah 5:12, Isaiah 5:22, Isaiah 16:10, Isaiah 22:13, Isaiah 24:7, Isaiah 24:9, Isaiah 24:11, Isaiah 25:6, Isaiah 28:1, Isaiah 28:7, Isaiah 29:9, Isaiah 36:17, Isaiah 49:26, Isaiah 51:21, Isaiah 55:1, Isaiah 56:12, Isaiah 62:8, Isaiah 63:2, Isaiah 63:3, Isaiah 65:8, Isaiah 65:11, Jeremiah 13:12, Jeremiah 23:9, Jeremiah 25:15, Jeremiah 31:12, Jeremiah 35:2, Jeremiah 35:5, Jeremiah 35:6, Jeremiah 35:8, Jeremiah 35:14, Jeremiah 40:10, Jeremiah 40:12, Jeremiah 48:33, Jeremiah 51:7, Lamentations 1:15, Lamentations 2:12, Ezekiel 27:18, Ezekiel 27:19, Ezekiel 44:21, Daniel 1:5, Daniel 1:8, Daniel 1:16, Daniel 5:1, Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:23, Daniel 10:3, Hosea 2:8, Hosea 2:9, Hosea 2:22, Hosea 4:11, Hosea 7:5, Hosea 7:14, Hosea 9:2, Hosea 9:4, Hosea 14:7, Joel 1:5, Joel 1:10, Joel 2:19, Joel 2:24, Joel 3:3, Joel 3:13, Joel 3:18, Amos 2:8, Amos 2:12, Amos 5:11, Amos 6:6, Amos 9:13, Amos 9:14, Micah 2:11, Micah 6:15, Habakkuk 2:5, Zephaniah 1:13, Haggai 1:11, Haggai 2:12, Zechariah 9:15, Zechariah 9:17, Zechariah 10:7, Zechariah 14:10, Matthew 9:17, Matthew 21:33, Matthew 27:34, Mark 2:22, Mark 12:1, Mark 15:23, Luke 1:15, Luke 5:37, Luke 5:38, Luke 5:39, Luke 7:33, Luke 10:34, John 2:3, John 2:9, John 2:10, John 4:46, Acts 2:13, Romans 14:21, Ephesians 5:18, 1 Timothy 3:8, 1 Timothy 5:23, Revelation 6:6, Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10, Revelation 14:19, Revelation 14:20, Revelation 17:2, Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:13, Revelation 19:15, Tobit 4:15, Judith 10:5, Judith 11:13, Judith 12:1, Judith 12:13, Judith 12:20, Judith 13:2, Wisdom of Solomon 2:7, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 9:9, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 9:10, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 19:2, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 31:25, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 31:26, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 31:27, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 31:28, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 31:29, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 31:31, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 32:5, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 32:6, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 33:16, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 40:20, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 49:1, Bel and the Dragon 1:3, Bel and the Dragon 1:11, 2 Maccabees 15:39, 3 Maccabees 5:2, 3 Maccabees 5:10, 3 Maccabees 5:45, 1 Esdras 3:10, 1 Esdras 3:17, 1 Esdras 3:18, 1 Esdras 3:23, 1 Esdras 3:24, 1 Esdras 4:14, 1 Esdras 4:16, 1 Esdras 4:37, 1 Esdras 6:30, 1 Esdras 8:20, 2 Esdras 9:24

Source: This article uses material from the Wikipedia article “History of wine,” which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

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