[The nineteenth century theologian Emil] Schürer . . . rightly observes that Josephus does not mention a Roman census during Herod’s reign. Moreover, Schürer points out that Josephus referred to the Quirinian census of 6-7 CE as a “new and previously unheard of” event in Judea.1
Some scholars suggest that Herod did conduct censuses, but according to Jewish models2—not Roman—to avoid upsetting Jewish religious and traditional sensibilities.3 The elaborate taxation system under Herod is often referenced as support here.4, 5 Also of interest is the annual per capita (i.e. poll) tax imposed during Archelaus’ reign,6 which strongly indicates census activities under a Herodian ruler in pre-provincial Judea. It is currently unknown whether Archelaus’ poll-tax was a continuation from his father’s reign. The New Testament scholar, Armand Puig i Tàrrech, believes this to be the case, further arguing this poll-tax may have had its origin as far back as the Ptolemies.7
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Author: Chris Matthiesen
Keywords: Josephus, Census, Roman census, Quirinian census, Lukan census
Bible reference(s): Luke 2:1-5
Source: “A Survey of Schürer’s Challenges to the Lukan Census – 5,” Berea Portal.
Page indexed by: inWORD Bible Software.